tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47113415301674501612024-03-13T20:15:13.155-07:00Practicas De LaboratorioKaren, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711341530167450161.post-753237975846135812010-11-29T21:47:00.001-08:002010-11-29T21:47:34.667-08:00Atómico<a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=OQGDLU9E">http://www.megaupload.com/?d=OQGDLU9E</a>Karen, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711341530167450161.post-49819347677619320252010-11-29T21:37:00.000-08:002010-11-29T21:37:44.415-08:00animación<a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=DUVOBX6B">http://www.megaupload.com/?d=DUVOBX6B</a>Karen, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711341530167450161.post-66058052846475734542010-11-29T21:09:00.001-08:002010-11-29T21:27:20.718-08:00practicas<a href="http://www.megaupload.com/?d=M6ZYQSQG">http://www.megaupload.com/?d=M6ZYQSQG</a>Karen, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711341530167450161.post-66481074920859133192010-10-18T22:00:00.000-07:002010-10-18T23:55:37.871-07:00<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Xk-ozqdaoXE/TL08EIQGYjI/AAAAAAAAADU/ENPxO9nnUXA/s1600/images+(3).jpg"><img style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 288px; height: 175px; " src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Xk-ozqdaoXE/TL08EIQGYjI/AAAAAAAAADU/ENPxO9nnUXA/s320/images+(3).jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529641959112991282" /></a><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Determinación de Dureza en H2O </span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Objetivo general </span></b></div><div><ul><li style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Determinar por medio de método complexometricos la dureza del agua.</span></span></li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Marco Teórico </span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Dureza</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">se considera aguas duras aquellas que requieren grandes cantidades de jabón para generar espumas, y producen incrustaciones en las tuberías de agua caliente, calentadores o calderas y otras unidades en las cuales se incrementa la temperatura.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">En términos de dureza las aguas se clasifican en:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">0-75 ppm = Agua blanda </span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">75-150 ppm = Moderadamente dura </span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">150-300 ppm = Agua dura</span></li></ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">La dureza se expresa en mg./L., carbonato de calcio.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Causas de la dureza</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">se considera que la dureza es causada por iones metálicos divalentes capaces de reaccionar con el jabón para formar precipitados y con ciertos aniones presentes en el agua para formar incrustaciones. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Principales cationes que causan dureza en el agua.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">cationes aniones</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Ca++ HCO3</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Mg++ SO4</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Sr++ NO3</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Fe++ SiO3</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Mn++</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">En la mayor parte de las aguas se considera que la dureza total es aproximada a la dureza producida por los iones Ca++ y Mg++ es decir Dureza total= dureza por Ca++ y dureza por Mg++.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Procedimiento</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">s</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">olución tampon</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Inicio </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">pese 16.9 g. de cloruro de amoniaco y disuelva en 14.3 ml de hidróxido de amonio. </span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Adicione 1.25 g. de sal de magnesio de EDTA. </span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">transfiera cualitativamente a un balón aforado de 250 ml, lleve a volumen y homogeneice por inversión.</span></li></ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Fin</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">solución de calcio estándar</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Inicio </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">pese 1000 g. de polvo de CaCO3 anhídrido (estándar primario)</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">transfiera cualitativamente a un erlenmeyer de 250 ml, colo que un embudo en el cuello del matraz y agregue gotas de HCl hasta disolución total de CaCO3.</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Adicione 200 ml de agua destilada, hierva durante unos minutos para sacar el CO2 formado.</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Deje enfriar y añada unas gotas de indicador rojo de metilo y ajuste al naranja intermedio por adición de NH4OH 3 N. o HCl 1:1 según se requiera.</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">transfiera cualitativamente y diluya a 100 ml con agua destilada.</span></li></ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Fin</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Titulación EDTA estándar 0.01 M.</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Inicio</span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">pese 3.723 g. de EDTA (sal disódica) en un beacker de 60 ml y diluya con 30 ml de agua destilada.</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">transfiera cualitativamente a un balón aforado de 1000 ml, lleve a volumen y homogeneice por inversión.</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">estandarice frente a solución de calcio estándar.</span></li></ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Fin </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Xk-ozqdaoXE/TL1AGAUNgJI/AAAAAAAAADk/iwwT122k1yI/s320/images.jpg" style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 275px; height: 183px; " border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529646389389000850" /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Titulación muestra</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Inicio</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">tome 100 ml de muestra de agua y acidifique con unas gotas de HCl.</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">caliente suavemente por unos minutos </span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">deje enfriar y añada 3-4 gotas de rojo de metilo y neutralice con NaOH 0.1 N.</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Adicione 2 ml de amortiguador de pH y agregue 3-4 gotas de negro de eriocromo de sal sódica EDTA hasta viraje del indicador de rojo a azul.</span></li></ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Fin</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Xk-ozqdaoXE/TL0_hK2LfkI/AAAAAAAAADc/J9YdNZqpdTM/s320/images+(2).jpg" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 91px; height: 91px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529645756560670274" /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div></div>Karen, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711341530167450161.post-24906366023390393342010-10-18T20:47:00.000-07:002010-10-18T20:55:07.316-07:00CLASIFICACIÓN DE LAS PRACTICAS<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'trebuchet ms', 'arial narrow', sans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><img src="http://www.monografias.com/trabajos29/practicas-laboratorio/Image684.gif" /></span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large; "><br /></span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Prácticas Experimentales (PE):</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Una práctica experimental es un ejercicio en donde se manipulan una o más variables intencionalmente (variables independientes), para identificar el efecto sobre otra u otras variables (variables dependientes). Requiere que el estudiante haya construido en clase un conocimiento teórico básico sobre el tema y, particularmente, sobre la variable dependiente que se medirá. El propósito fundamental de este tipo de prácticas de laboratorio es introducir al estudiante en el modelo empírico – analítico como una de las formas de aproximación al conocimiento psicológico y consolidar los conceptos teóricos de las asignaturas.</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'trebuchet ms', 'arial narrow', sans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; "></span></span></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" ><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Prácticas Demostrativas (PD):</span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Una práctica demostrativa es un ejercicio en donde se comprueba la existencia de un fenómeno o proceso psicológico a través del uso de instrumentos y la observación sistemática. Las prácticas demostrativas permiten la consolidación del aprendizaje, así como de los diferentes constructos y variables psicológicas susceptibles de ser estudiadas.</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'trebuchet ms', 'arial narrow', sans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; "></span></span></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" ><div class="article-content" style="font-size: 12px; "><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Prácticas Formativas (PF):</span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Una práctica formativa es un ejercicio que tiene por objetivo el desarrollo y consolidación de habilidades específicas en un área de la psicología a través de la aplicación sistemática de los conceptos teóricos. Es recomendable que este tipo de prácticas se desarrollen en varias sesiones y pueden incluir ejercicios conductuales o el reconocimiento y aplicación de instrumentos de evaluación.</span></span></p></div><span class="article_separator" style="clear: both; display: block; height: 20px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" ></span><p></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p></span><p></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"></span></span></p>Karen, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711341530167450161.post-19421690093732978062010-10-18T12:07:00.000-07:002010-10-18T20:02:42.494-07:00Espectros Electromagnéticos<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">ESPECTROS ATÓMICOS Y TUBOS DE DESCARGA </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">INTRODUCCIÓN<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">En esta práctica de laboratorio se describirán los diferentes tubos de descarga, se definirán y mostraran el concepto de espectros electromagnéticos y atómicos, con el fin de efectuar<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>la comparación teórico-experimental de la observación de espectros de emisión a través del espectroscopio. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">MARCO TEÓRICO.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: center;text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Tubos de rayos catódicos o tubos de descarga <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: center;text-indent: -18pt; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Joseph John Thomson trabajó con tubos de rayos catódicos (tubos de descarga). Los tubos de descarga son unos tubos de vacío, pero con sedimentos de gases, y con dos electrodos (uno a cada lado): un ánodo (electrodo positivo) y un cátodo (electrodo negativo). Al calentar el cátodo, se emite una radiación que se dirige al ánodo. Si las paredes del tubo están<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>cubiertas de material fosforescente, brillan intensamente y su color varía dependiendo del tipo de gas que queda en el tubo.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Thomson y otros científicos querían saber qué era esa emisión de luz y formularon varias hipótesis. Al principio pensaban que era una radiación, pero luego pensaron que venía de los átomos que quedaban en el interior del tubo. Por lo tanto, para saber si provenían de los átomos intentaron desviar los rayos con electricidad ya que los rayos tenían carga negativa porque iban del electrodo negativo al positivo. Sin embargo, no lo conseguían. Finalmente, Thomson logró crear un vacío casi perfecto en un tubo y consiguió desviar los rayos. Thomson dedujo que el gas que quedaba en los tubos se convertía en un conductor de electricidad y, por tanto, impedía que se desviaran los rayos. Al eliminar casi todo el gas, ya no podía conducir y los rayos se podían desviar. También pensó que los rayos estaban formados por unos corpúsculos mucho más pequeños que el átomo y con una carga negativa muy alta. De esta forma descubrió el electrón. Más tarde, logró determinar su masa e ideó su modelo atómico.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">DESCRIPCIÓN DE TUBOS DE DESCARGA<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Consiste en un tubo de vacío por el cual circulan una serie de gases, que al aplicarles electricidad adquieren fluorescencia, de ahí que sean llamados fluorescentes. A partir de este procedimientos se distinguen tres diferentes tubos de descarga utilizados para fines experimentales que se encuentran a continuación.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span><span></span></span><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_5mhKj4aziLc/SPY3s2SQPdI/AAAAAAAAAC4/DtYU0hnA5ic/s400/Dibujo.JPG" /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Tubo de Crookes o tubo de cruz de malta<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">El Tubo de Crookes es un cono de vidrio con 1 ánodo y 2 cátodos. Es una invención del científico William Crookes en el siglo XIX.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><br /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">CRUZ DE MALTA<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Procedimiento </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">a) Colocar los electrodos (positivo y negativo) a cada extremo del tubo. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">b) Colocar fluorescente en el extremo del tubo opuesto al cátodo para formar una pantalla fluorescente.<br />c) Colocar una cruz en la mitad del tubo<br />d) Conectar los electrones a la fuente de voltaje mediante cables separados.<br />e) Aplicar alto voltaje<br />f) Observar lo que ocurre.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Resultado<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Al aplicar alto voltaje, los rayos catódicos atravesaron la cruz y al llegar estos a la Pantalla fluorescente, la sombra de la cruz se vio reflejada en ella.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><img src="http://portalecuador.ec/pndata/pagesetter/imgeducacion/catodicos.jpg" /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Conclusión</span></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD; mso-no-proof:yes"><o:p> </o:p></span>Al aplicar este experimento se comprueba que los rayos salen del catodo y viajan en linea recta.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD;mso-no-proof:yes">MOLINETE</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD;mso-no-proof:yes"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Procedimiento<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">a) Colocar los electrodos (positivo y negativo) a cada extremo del tubo. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">b) Colocar fluorescente en el extremo del tubo opuesto al cátodo para formar una pantalla fluorescente.<br />c) Colocar un molinete en la mitad del tubo<br />d) Conectar los electrones a la fuente de voltaje mediante cables separados.<br />e) Aplicar alto voltaje<br />f) Observar lo que ocurre<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:22.3pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Resultados<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Al producirse los rayos catódicos, y atravesar el molinete, este comenzó a girar sin detenerse en la misma dirección que los rayos catódicos<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p> </o:p></span><img src="http://museovirtual.csic.es/coleccion/amaniel/radiactividad/imagenes/we.jpg" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Conclusión<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Al moverse el molinete, <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>se concluye que los rayos catódicos tienen masa, ya que todo lo que tiene masa tiene energía. Además, estos se desplazan rápidamente. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><br /></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></p><div class="Section1"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; "><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Ø</span><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span></span><b><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Composición del aire </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><b><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><b><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <div style="text-align: center;"><table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="376" style="width: 282.3pt; border-top-style: outset; border-right-style: outset; border-bottom-style: outset; border-left-style: outset; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-size: medium; "> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;height:17.05pt"> <td width="56%" colspan="2" valign="top" style="width:56.66%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Componente</span></b><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Concentración aproximada</span></b><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Nitrógeno</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(N)</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">78.03% en volumen</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Oxígeno</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(O)</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">20.99% en volumen</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Dióxido de Carbono</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(CO<sub>2</sub>)</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">0.03% en volumen</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Argón</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(Ar)</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">0.94% en volumen</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Neón</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(Ne)</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">0.00123% en volumen</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Helio</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(He)</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">0.0004% en volumen</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:7;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Criptón</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(Kr)</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">0.00005% en volumen</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:8;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Xenón</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(Xe)</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">0.000006% en volumen</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:9;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Hidrógeno</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(H)</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">0.01% en volumen</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:10;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Metano</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(CH<sub>4</sub>)</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">0.0002% en volumen</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:11;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Óxido nitroso</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(N<sub>2</sub>O)</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">0.00005% en volumen</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:12;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Vapor de Agua</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(H<sub>2</sub>O)</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Variable</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:13;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:17.05pt"> <td width="44%" valign="top" style="width:44.58%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">·</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Ozono</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="11%" valign="top" style="width:11.84%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">(O<sub>3</sub>)</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="42%" valign="top" style="width:42.6%;border:inset black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:inset black .75pt;padding:1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;height:17.05pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD">Variable</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr></tbody></table></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Espectro electromagnético</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="Section1"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </div> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> </span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Es un conjunto de radiaciones que<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>emiten<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>o absorben una sustancia o fuente de energía. Dichas radiaciones sirven <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>para identificar la sustancia de manera análoga a una huella dactilar. Los espectros se pueden observar mediante espectroscopios que, además de permitir observar el espectro, permiten realizar medidas sobre éste, como la longitud de onda, la frecuencia y la intensidad de la radiación.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Espectros atómicos<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Cada átomo es capaz de emitir o absorber radiación electromagnética, aunque solamente en algunas frecuencias que son características propias de cada uno de los diferentes elementos químicos.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Mediante <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>el suministro de energía calorífica, se estimula un determinado elemento en su fase gaseosa, sus átomos emiten radiación en ciertas frecuencias de lo visible, que constituyen su espectro de emisión.</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Si el mismo elemento, también en estado de gas, recibe radiación electromagnética, absorbe en ciertas frecuencias de lo visible, precisamente las mismas en las que emite cuando se estimula mediante calor. Este será su espectro de absorción.</span> </p> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_JphlBMG8zmM/SvW_wHvD8qI/AAAAAAAAABs/4x0elrjcHJo/s400/espectro04-absorcion-emision%5B1%5D.jpg" /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">Ø<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Espectros de emisión<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Son aquellos que se obtienen al descomponer las radiaciones emitidas por un cuerpo previamente excitado o promovido. En el espectro de emisión el elemento emite su propia luz dejando un espacio grande en negro dependiendo de cual sea el elemento y su longitud de onda.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: normal; "><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">DATOS </span></b><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; "><b>TEÓRICOS</b></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzct6-lq7nqoGtRMdcZ_fNMVzI8p2vdFf_beCcoOVJ4o239a1TLDtSQv6GiKbYDnm0Xx_NsJtVKCsIUKtKyBQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><br /></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"></p><ul><li><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> Espectro de emisión del Arg</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">ón (Ar)</span></span></b></li></ul><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <img src="http://personales.ya.com/casanchi/fis/espectros/018e.jpg" /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></b></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">·</span><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span><b><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Espectro de emisión del Yodo (I)</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <img src="http://personales.ya.com/casanchi/fis/espectros/053e.jpg" /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></b></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">·</span><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span><b><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Espectro de emisión del dióxido de carbono (CO2).</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><i> Carbono</i></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify"><br /></p></b><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <img src="http://personales.ya.com/casanchi/fis/espectros/006e.jpg" /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><i>Oxigeno</i></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <img src="http://personales.ya.com/casanchi/fis/espectros/008e.jpg" /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><br /></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></b></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">·</span><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span><b><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Espectro de emisión del aire</span></span></b><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p></b><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><i>Nitrógeno</i></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><br /></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><img src="http://personales.ya.com/casanchi/fis/espectros/007e.jpg" /></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><br /></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><br /></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><i>Oxigeno</i></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><br /></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><img src="http://personales.ya.com/casanchi/fis/espectros/008e.jpg" /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><br /></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></b></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><div class="Section1"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">DATOS OBSERVADOS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"> <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Argón:</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">las líneas más notorias en la franja de colores del espectro de emisión del Argón observado con el espectroscopio fueron: Verde y azul. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"> <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Yodo:</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> las líneas más notorias en la franja de colores del espectro de emisión del Yodo observado con el espectroscopio fueron: Morado, verde, azul y rojo.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Dióxido de carbono:</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Al observar a través del espectroscopio el tubo de descarga contenido con CO2, cabe resaltar que los colores más notorios fueron: morado, azul y amarillo.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"> <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Aire:</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> Al observar a través del espectroscopio el tubo de descarga contenido con Aire, cabe resaltar que las líneas espectrales de emisión más notorias fueron: morado, azul y amarillo.</span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"></b></span></b></span></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><div class="Section1" style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b>C</b></span></p></span></div></b></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><div class="Section1" style="display: inline !important; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; display: inline !important; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b>ONCLUSIONES</b></span></p></span></div></b></span></b></span><p></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Por medio de estos espectros podemos identificar exactamente con que elemento puro o combinado tratamos.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"> <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Los colores vistos por nosotras en el espectroscopio se asemejan a los colores que la teoría nos presenta.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"> <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Podemos concluir y deducir que cada sustancia tiene su propio espectro (produciéndose cada uno por medio de incandescencia). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom: .0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore"> <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Observamos que por medio de el proceso de emisión se desprendía luz.<o:p></o:p></span></p></span><p></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><br /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <a href="http://www.ingenieroambiental.com/?pagina=695">http://www.ingenieroambiental.com/?pagina=695</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <a href="http://rdfisiks.blogspot.com/">http://rdfisiks.blogspot.com/</a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/19622798/Espectro-de-emision-y-absorcion">http://www.scribd.com/doc/19622798/Espectro-de-emision-y-absorcion</a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <a href="http://personales.ya.com/casanchi/fis/espectros/espectros01.htm#2">http://personales.ya.com/casanchi/fis/espectros/espectros01.htm#2</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 150%; "><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""> <a href="http://personales.ya.com/casanchi/fis/espectros/espectros01.htm#2">http://personales.ya.com/casanchi/fis/espectros/espectros01.htm#2</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 150%; "><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""> http://www.scribd.com/doc/13030134/Reporte-de-Thomson. </span></span><u><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:blue"><o:p></o:p></span></u></p> </div> <u><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; "><br /></span></span></div></u></b><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:32.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br /></span></b></p></span></b><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p></p></div>Karen, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711341530167450161.post-51016821244949845132010-10-15T17:01:00.000-07:002010-10-18T11:58:59.191-07:00PRACTICA: LEY DE BOYLE<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; "><p class="negrita" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span">LEY DE BOYLE </span></span></span></p><p class="negrita" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><br /></p><p class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Objetivos</span></span></p><p class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">• Confirmar de manera experimental la ley de Boyle.</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">• Analizar con base en gráficos obtenidos a partir de los datos experimentales de presión y volumen, qué tanto se ajusta el aire al comportamiento ideal a las condiciones de trabajo en el laboratorio.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> Teoría</span></span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Los átomos y moléculas, en el estado gaseoso, se comportan como centros puntuales de masa que sólo en el rango de las altas presiones y bajas temperaturas son afectadas por las fuerzas atractivas. Fuera de estos límites, las propiedades físicas de un gas se deben principalmente al movimiento independiente de sus moléculas.</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Si se considera a un gas contenido en un recipiente, la presión que éste ejerce es la fuerza por unidad de área sobre las paredes debida a los impactos elásticos de las moléculas.</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Robert Boyle descubrió en 1662 la relación matemática entre la presión y el volumen de una cantidad fija de gas a </span></span><em><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">temperatura constante</span></span></em><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">. Según la ley de Boyle, el volumen de una masa dada de gas varía en forma inversamente proporcional a la presión cuando la temperatura se mantiene en un valor fijo. La expresión matemática de la ley se escribe:</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">P x V = k (proceso isotérmico) (13.1)</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">La magnitud de la constante k es función de la cantidad química de gas y de la temperatura.</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Para dos estados diferentes 1 y 2, la ley implica:</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">P</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">1</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">1</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> = P</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">2</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">2</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> (13.2)</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Es decir, si se explora el comportamiento físico de un gas de acuerdo con la ley de Boyle y asumiendo comportamiento ideal, se puede concluír que, a temperatura constante:</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p align="center"><em><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Si se duplica la presión sobre una masa dada de gas, su volumen se reduce a la mitad.<br />Si el volumen de una masa dada de gas se triplica, la presión se reduce en un tercio.</span></b></span></em></p><p align="center"><em><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></span></em></p><p align="center"><em><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></span></em></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Es usual en los experimentos sobre la ley de Boyle obtener un conjunto de datos de presión y volumen, los cuales se pueden representar gráficamente para obtener el valor de k. Un gráfico de P versus V da como resultado la hipérbola característica que corresponde a la ecuación. Si se repite el experimento a temperaturas diferentes se genera una familia de hipérbolas, y debido a que la temperatura es constante a lo largo de cada línea, éstas curvas se denominan</span></span><em><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> isotermas</span></span></em><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><img src="http://docencia.udea.edu.co/cen/tecnicaslabquimico/02practicas/imagenes02/figura13_1.gif" /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span"><i>Representación gráfica de la ley de Boyle</i></span></p><p align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span"><i><br /></i></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Para encontrar el valor de k, se representa la presión como una función del inverso del volumen con el fin de obtener una línea recta. Aplicando el método de los mínimos cuadrados se puede tener el mejor estimativo de k.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></p><p class="negrita" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Materiales y equipo</span></span></p><p class="negrita" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">• Naranja de metilo</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">• Jeringa</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">• Erlenmeyer</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">• Tubo de vidrio delgado</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">• Manguera</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">• Marcador de punta fina (traerlo)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">• Regla graduada (traerla)</span></span></div><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><img src="http://docencia.udea.edu.co/cen/tecnicaslabquimico/02practicas/imagenes02/figura13_2.gif" /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span">P versus 1/V en la ley de Boyle</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Procedimiento</span></span></p><p class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Disponer el montaje que se muestra en la figura 13.3. Adicionar un volumen exacto de agua al erlenmeyer hasta sus 2/3 partes y añadir dos gotas de naranja de metilo para que pueda visualizarse más fácilmente la columna de líquido.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Las lecturas se inician con un volumen conocido de aire en la jeringa y señalando con el marcador el tope de la columna de líquido en el capilar. Medir la altura de la columna (h</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">c</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">) hasta la superficie del líquido en el erlenmeyer.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">A continuación se introduce 0.50 mL el émbolo de la jeringa y se marca el nuevo tope del líquido en el capilar. El procedimiento se repite cada 0.50 mL hasta obtener un mínimo de 10 lecturas.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Finalmente, se mide la distancia entre marcas para estimar la altura de la columna cada vez que se disminuyó el volumen en la jeringa.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><img src="http://docencia.udea.edu.co/cen/tecnicaslabquimico/02practicas/imagenes02/figura13_3.gif" /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">El volumen de aire (V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">a</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> ) puede calcularse de la ecuación:</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">a</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> = V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">e</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> + V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">j</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> - V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">L</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> - V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">c</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Donde: V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">e</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> = Volumen del erlenmeyer, mL </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">j</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> = Lectura de volumen en la jeringa, mL </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">L</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> = Volumen de agua en el erlenmeyer, mL</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">c</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> = Volumen del capilar dentro del erlenmeyer, mL</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">La presión del aire (P</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">a</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">) se calcula de la expresión:</span></span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">P</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">a</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> = P</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">atm</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> + h</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">c</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> (mm)/13.6 </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Datos y resultados</span></span></p><p class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Temperatura ...................................................................... _____ °C<br />Presión atmosférica.......................................................... ______ atm<br />Volumen del erlenmeyer (V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">e</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">).......................................... ______ mL<br />Volumen de agua ( V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">L</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">)...................................................... ______ mL<br />Volumen del capilar dentro del erlenmeyer (V</span></span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">c</span></span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">)......... ______ mL</span></span></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span class="negrita" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Tabla De</span></b></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> Datos y resultados de la ley de Boyle</span></b></span></p><table width="450" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="contenido" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><tbody><tr><td width="91"><em><span class="Apple-style-span">Volumen en la<br />jeringa (V</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span">j</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"> ), mL</span></em></td><td width="88"><em><span class="Apple-style-span">Volumen del aire, (V</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span">a</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"> ), mL</span></em></td><td width="103"><em><span class="Apple-style-span">Altura de la columna (h</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span">c</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span">), mm</span></em></td><td width="74"><em><span class="Apple-style-span">1 / V</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span">a</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"> , mL</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span">-1</span></sup></em></td><td width="82"><em><span class="Apple-style-span"><br />Presión del aire (P</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span">a</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span"> ), mm de Hg</span></em></td></tr><tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></td><td><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p><span class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Lecturas recomendadas</span></span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Brown, Theodore. Presión arterial. En: </span></span><em><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Química. La Ciencia Central</span></span></em><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">. Prentice Hall. México. 1997. pp. 348.</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Wolke, Robert L. Arriba, arriba y... ¿por qué? En: </span></span><em><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Lo que Einstein no sabía</span></span></em><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">. Robin BooK. Bogotá. 2002. pp. 188</span></span></p><p></p><p class="negrita" style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Referencias Internet</span></span></p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">• http://www.cmi.k12.il.us/Champaign/buildings/ci/projects/rowe/chem/<br />gaslaws/boyleslaw.html<br />• http://www.duke.edu/~th7/boyle.html<br />• http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem1112/boylecmp.htm<br />• http://www.aquaholic.com/gasses/boyle1.htm<br />• http://www.studentcentral.co.uk/coursework/essays/1220.html<br />• http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/IYearLab/Intros/BoylesLaw/<br />BoylesLaw.html</span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p></span>Karen, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711341530167450161.post-38444292321222546162010-09-06T17:37:00.000-07:002010-10-18T12:01:06.567-07:00Practica: SEPARACIÓN DE MEZCLAS.<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Xk-ozqdaoXE/TLx1i3G-AkI/AAAAAAAAACo/8raoG1MYR9E/s1600/8f3m4pwyhdn1v8u81.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 212px; height: 320px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Xk-ozqdaoXE/TLx1i3G-AkI/AAAAAAAAACo/8raoG1MYR9E/s320/8f3m4pwyhdn1v8u81.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529423684273308226" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Xk-ozqdaoXE/TLx1RZClooI/AAAAAAAAACg/SJ6W2OAZ2Lk/s1600/8f3m4pwyhdn1v8u81.jpg"><span><span></span></span></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Práctica 1. Separación de mezclas <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Teorías químicas 1.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b></span></o:p></p> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;mso-ansi-language:ES-CO;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><b><br /></b> </span><b> </b><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><b> </b></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Objetivos</span><span class="Apple-style-span"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span><span></span></span><br /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"><b> </b></span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b>·</b></span><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><span class="Apple-style-span"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span"><b>I<span class="Apple-style-span">dentificar a través de métodos prácticos y experimentales los diferentes procesos utilizados para la separación de mezclas, por medio de análisis</span></b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">de sustancias solidas y liquidas.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">·</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Verificar y determinar la eficiencia de los diferentes métodos de separación a través de los resultados obtenidos en la práctica de laboratorio. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span">Diagramas de flujo<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">1.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> 1. </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Mezcla hierro y azufre en polvo <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: justify;line-height: normal; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"></span></span></b></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Hoja de papel <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span"> Fe</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> 5.00 g <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span"> S</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> 5.00 g<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Coloque la limadura de hierro y el azufre en polvo</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Sostenga el imán encima de la mezcla<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Retire toda la limadura de hierro<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Hasta separar por completo del azufre en polvo<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Observe, pese y compare.</span></b></span></li></ol><div><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">1.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> 2. </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Mezcla arena de </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">rio</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> y sal de cocina<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Vaso de precipitado <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">NaCl</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> 5.00 g.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Arena de </span><span class="Apple-style-span">rio</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> 5.00 g. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></span></p> <ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Coloque la mezcla para separar <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Pese primero el </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">erlenmeyer</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">donde va a recoger el líquido <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Filtre y reciba el líquido en </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">erlenmeyer</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> de 100 </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">ml</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Pase el papel filtro con la arena a la estufa espera que seque </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">perfectamente</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Pase a desecador, pese y compare<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Tome el </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">erlenmeyer</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> y evapore la mezcla en placa </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">calefactora</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Determine la cantidad de cada sustancia y compare.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li></ol></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:32.2pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: 0px;margin-left: 32.2pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">3.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Mezcla aceite de cocina y agua</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Embudo de decantación</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">H</span></b></span><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span">2</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span">O</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">10 </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">ml</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Aceite</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">20 </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">ml</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">1.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Ajuste al soporte universal con las pinzas de aro</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">2.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Dentro del embudo agregue la mezcla, tape y agite</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">3.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Abra la llave y deje caer el líquido de mayor densidad (H</span></b></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">2</span></b></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">O)</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">4.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Recibir en un vaso de precipitado de 100 </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">ml</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">5.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Pase a probeta, mida el volumen y compare</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">6.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Cierre la llave cuando termine de retirar el primer liquido</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">7.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Reciba el aceite en otro vaso de precipitado</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">8.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Pase a probeta, mida el volumen y compare <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:18.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Arial"><b><span class="Apple-style-span">1.</span></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Mezcla de agua y </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">acido</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> acético<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Equipo de destilación simple<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Matraz con desprendimiento lateral <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Condensador <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Erlenmeyer</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">H</span></b></span><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span">2</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span">O</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> 40 ml <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">C</span></b></span><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span">2</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span">H</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span">4</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span">O</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span">2 </span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span">40 ml<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> Agregar la mezcla al matraz y cinco perlas de ebullición.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> tape la parte superior del </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span">matraz e introduzca un termómetro <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> Ensamble el condensador a la parte lateral del matraz <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> Adiciones calor</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> Reciba en un erlenmeyer <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> Observe, pese y compare</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span"><o:p></o:p></span></span></li></ol><p></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></o:p></span></p></div><div><br /></div></span><p></p>Karen, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711341530167450161.post-65947136169430878622010-09-06T10:56:00.000-07:002010-10-18T12:05:14.841-07:00Calculo de Sensibilidad, Exactitud y Presiciòn de Materiales de Laboratorio<div align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Laboratorio De </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Fisicoquímica</span></span></span></div><div align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 29px; "><br /></span></div><div align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 29px; "><br /></span></div><div align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 29px; "><br /></span></div><div align="center"><span style="font-family:arial;"><em></em></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:arial;"><em></em></span> </div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:arial;"><em><strong>PRACTICA NO. 1</strong><br /><strong><br /></strong></em></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:arial;"><em><strong>Objetivos:</strong><br /></em></span></div><em></em><ul><li><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >Poder calcular la </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >sensibilidad</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >, exactitud y precisión de algunos instrumentos de medición. </span></span></span></li><li><span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >Para poder cumplir nuestro objetivo se llevara a cabo una serie de ediciones, utilizando tres instrumentos distintos: regla, metro y vernier o pie de regla, que nos permitirán realizar cálculos con los datos obtenidos.<br />Introducción Teórica:</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><br /></span></span></span></li></ul><p align="center"><span style="font-family:arial;"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></span></p><p align="center"><span style="font-family:arial;"><em><strong>LA PRECISIÓN Y LA EXACTITUD EN LA </strong></em></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><i>MEDICIÓN</i></b></span></p><span style="font-family:arial;"><p align="justify"><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">La necesidad que ha tenido el ser humano de resolver los problemas que ha enfrentado, descubrir los secretos de la naturaleza y un enorme afán e vivir mejor, lo ha conducido a acrecentar su conocimiento y comprensión de su entrono. De este modo, el ser humano ha tenido acceso a l conocimiento verdadero, que es la ciencia.<br />Galileo hizo resallar la importancia de la medición en la experimentación para comprobar los hechos y dar validez a los conocimientos adquiridos.<br />Así también, una de las tareas importantes del científico es la experimentación sistemática mediante la medición y el análisis de resultados para formular conclusiones. La medición permite verificar la veracidad o falsedad de un evento, de tal manera que es una parte importante del desarrollo de la ciencia, pues permite desechar ideas falsas e ir modificando teorías.<br />La física estudia las propiedades o atributos físicos de la materia, los cuales es preciso medir para poder estudiarlos, además, es una ciencia exacta, ya que por medio de ella se desarrollan teorías y leyes para pronosticar resultados en experimentos o fenómenos semejantes.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p align="center"><br /><em><strong>ANÁLISIS DE ERROR E INCERTIDUMBRE</strong> </em></p><p align="justify"><br /><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >Al realizar una medición es muy probable que el resultado no coincida con el valor real de la magnitud, es decir, tal vez haya un error: puede ser un poco mayor o menor que la medida real.<br />Los errores conducen a resultados aparentemente verdaderos, pero no pueden esperar conclusiones provechosas.<br />Un experimento no esta exento de errores por lo que es importante detectar la fuente de error para considerar su magnitud y buscar evitarlos, corregirlos o </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >disminuirlos</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >.<br />Los errores o desviaciones de las mediciones tal vez se deben a los malos hábitos, descuidos o errores cometidos por el observador. También puede tener influencia el medio, falta de calibración y defectos de los aparatos e instrumentos de medición.<br />La mayor precisión posible de una regla de acero se determina por el tamaño de la menor graduación, que suele ser del orden de 0.01 </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >in</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" > o de 0.1mm. Para una mayor posición el mecánico sirve de un calibrador estándar micrométrico.<br />La elección de un instrumento de medición se determina por la precisión requerida y por las condiciones físicas que rodean la medición. Una elección frecuente del mecánico o el maquinista </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >frecuentemente</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" > es la regla de acero, esta regla es por lo común bastante precisa cuando se miden longitudes accesibles.<br />Para la medición de diámetros interiores y exteriores pueden usarse calibradores. El calibrador mismo no puede ser leído </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >directamente</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" > por lo que debe </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >acoplárse</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" > una regla de acero o un medidor estándar.</span></span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><br /></span></span></span></p><ul><li><strong><em>PRECISIÓN:<br /></em></strong><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; ">Determinación, exactitud Instrumentos de precisión, los muy minuciosos y de gran exactitud.</span></span> </li><li><em><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11">SENSIBILIDAD</span>:</strong><br /></em><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Es la facultad de percibir sensaciones, propiedad de las cosas que ceden fácilmente, la </span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_12"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">sensibilidad</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> de un instrumento se determina por su exactitud.</span></span> </li><li><strong><em>EXACTITUD:<br /></em></strong><span style="font-family:georgia;">Regularidad, veracidad y precisión en algo en este caso de las mediciones.</span><em> </em></li></ul><p style="text-align: center;"><em><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">DESARROLLO: </span></b></em></p><p><em><b>PROBETAS</b><br /></em><span style="font-family:georgia;">1.<span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Medir la longitud de la escala de las tres probetas ( 250</span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_13"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">ml</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">, 25</span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_14"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">ml</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">, 10</span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_15"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">ml</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> ), con la regla, el metro y el vernier. Anotar resultados.<br />2.- Medir el diámetro interno de las probetas con el vernier. Anotar lo resultado.<br />3.- Hacer él calculo de : la </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_16"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">sensibilidad</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">, exactitud.</span></span><br /></span></p><p><em><b>TERMÓMETROS</b><br /></em><span style="font-family:georgia;">1.-<span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> observar con </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_17"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">detenimiento</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> el juego de termómetros.<br />2.- Registrar la temperatura de cada uno de los termómetros.<br />3.- Unificar las </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_18"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">temperaturas</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> a </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_19"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Celsius</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />4.- Determinar sobre la base de las lecturas de </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_20"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">temperaturas</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> que termómetro es el de mayor precisión.</span></span><br /></span></p><p align="center"><em><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">TABLA DE DATOS OBTENIDOS ( PROBETAS )</span></strong><br /></em></p><p><em> <strong>No. De probeta</strong> <strong>Capacidad de la probeta</strong> <strong>Regla </strong> <strong>Metro</strong> <strong>Vernier </strong> <strong>L </strong><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> A 250</span></span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_21"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">ml</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> 28.9cm 28.8cm 28.92cm 3.35cm<br /> B 25</span></span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_22"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">ml</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> 13.2cm 13.2cm 12.8cm 1.56cm<br /> C 10</span></span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_23"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">ml</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> 8cm 8cm 8.02cm 1.2cm </span></span></span></em></p><p align="center"><br /><em><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_24">CALCULOS</span></strong><br /></em></p><p><strong><em><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_25">SENSIBILIDAD</span>:</em> </strong> <span style="font-family:georgia;">Relación existente entre la magnitud de la escala y el tamaño del instrumento.<br /></span><em><strong></strong></em></p><p><em><strong>Regla:</strong><br />Probeta A = 28.9 cm / 250 <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_26">ml</span> = 0.1156 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_27">ml</span><br />Probeta B = 13 cm / 25 <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_28">ml</span> = .52 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_29">ml</span><br />Probeta C = 8 cm / 10 <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_30">ml</span> = .8 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_31">ml</span><br /><strong>Metro:</strong><br />Probeta A = 28.8 cm / 250 <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_32">ml</span> = 0.1152 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_33">ml</span><br />Probeta B = 13.2 cm / 25 <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_34">ml</span> = .528 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_35">ml</span><br />Probeta C = 8 cm / 10 <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_36">ml</span> = .8 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_37">ml</span><br /></em><em><strong>Vernier:<br /></strong>Probeta A = 28.97 cm / 250 <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_38">ml</span> = 0.1158 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_39">ml</span><br />Probeta B = 12.8 cm / 25 <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_40">ml</span> = .512 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_41">ml</span><br />Probeta C = 8.02 cm / 10 <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_42">ml</span> = .802 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_43">ml</span><br /></em></p><em></em><p><strong><em>EXACTITUD:</em> </strong><span style="font-family:georgia;">Es el <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_44">porciento</span> obtenido de la relación entre el valor medio y el valor real.<br /><strong></strong></span></p><p><em><strong>PROBETA A</strong><br />Volumen = r2 x H = (3.1416)(1.67)2 x (28.8cm) = 252.33<br />Volumen = r2 x H = (3.1416)(1.67)2 x (28.9cm) = 253.21<br />Volumen = r2 x H = (3.1416)(1.67)2 x (28.92cm) = 253.38<br />Exacto = " de los valores / # de valores<br />Capacidad total de la medición<br /></em></p><p><em><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_45">Exact</span> = (252.33+253.21+253.86)/3 = 101%<br /> 250<br /></em><em><strong>PROBETA B<br /></strong>Volumen = r2 x H = (3.1416)(.78)2 x (13.2cm) = 25.22<br />Volumen = r2 x H = (3.1416)( .78)2 x (13m) = 24.84<br />Volumen = r2 x H = (3.1416)( .78)2 x (12.8cm) = 24.46<br /><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_46">Exact</span> = " de los valores / # de valores<br />Capacidad total de la medición<br /><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_47">Exact</span> = ( 22.5 + 24.84 + 24.46 )/3 = 99.36%<br /> 25 .<br /><strong>PROBETA C</strong><br />Volumen = r2 x H = (3.1416)(.06)2 x (8cm) = 9.04<br />Volumen = r2 x H = (3.1416)( .06)2 x (8m) = 9.04<br />Volumen = r2 x H = (3.1416)( .06)2 x (8.02cm) = 9.07<br /><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_48">Exact</span> = " de los valores / # de valores<br />Capacidad total de la medición<br /><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_49">Exact</span> = ( 9.04 + 9.04 + 9.07 )/3 = 90.5%<br /> 10.<br /></em></p><p align="center"><em><strong>TABLAS DE RESULTADOS DE PROBETAS</strong><br /></em></p><em></em><p><em><strong>No de probeta</strong> <strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_50">Sensibilidad</span>: Regla</strong> <strong> Metro</strong> <strong>Vernier </strong> <strong>Exactitud </strong><br />A 0.1153cm/ml 0.1153 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_51">ml</span> 0.1158 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_52">ml</span> 101%<br />B 0.52 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_53">ml</span> 0.528 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_54">ml</span> .512 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_55">ml</span> 99.36%<br />C 0.8 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_56">ml</span> 0.8 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_57">ml</span> 0.802 cm/<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_58">ml</span> 90.5%</em></p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><em><strong>TABLA DE DATOS OBTENIDOS <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_59">TERMOMETROS</span></strong> </em></p><p><em> <strong>No. De termómetro</strong> <strong>Temperatura </strong><br /> 1 74 °F<br /> 2 74.5 °F<br /> 3 25 °F<br /> 4 24 °F<br /> 5 75 °F<br /></em></p><em></em><p align="center"><em><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">CÁLCULOS </span></b></span></span><br /></em></p><em></em><p><em><strong>PRECISIÓN:</strong> </em><span style="font-family:georgia;">Capacidad de un instrumento para repetir la misma lectura de medición bajo las mismas condiciones de operación. </span></p><p><em><br />T1 = 74°F 23.3 °C<br />°C = °F-32/1.8 = 74-32 / 1.8 = 23.3°C<br />T2 = 74.5°F 23.6 °C<br />°C = °F-32/1.8 = 74.5-32 / 1.8 = 23.6°C<br />T3 = 25°F 25 °C<br />°C = °F-32/1.8 = 25-32 / 1.8 = 25°C<br />T4 = 24°F 24.1 °C<br />°C = °F-32/1.8 = 24-32 / 1.8 = 24.1°C<br />T5 = 75°F 23.8 °C<br />°C = °F-32/1.8 = 75-32 / 1.8 = 23.8°C<br /></em></p><em></em><p> </p><ul><li><em><strong>CONCLUSIONES:</strong><br /></em><span style="font-family:georgia;">En esta practica se cumplió el objetivo fijado, se aprendió a realizar mediciones con diferentes instrumentos tales como regla, termómetro y vernier.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_64">Ademas</span> a realizar cálculos de <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_66">sensibilidad</span> y exactitud de un instrumento.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family:georgia;">A medir <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_67">temperaturas</span> y realizar <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_68">comparaciones</span> en base aun punto de referencia para localizar al instrumento mas preciso.<br /></span></li></ul></span>Karen, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4711341530167450161.post-90345296003301934902010-09-06T10:31:00.000-07:002010-10-18T09:21:45.163-07:00¿Què encontraras en este blog?<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Xk-ozqdaoXE/TLxzeQ9R6pI/AAAAAAAAACY/VM3EmngirN4/s1600/Laboratorio+escolar.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 233px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Xk-ozqdaoXE/TLxzeQ9R6pI/AAAAAAAAACY/VM3EmngirN4/s320/Laboratorio+escolar.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5529421406289390226" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><em><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" >Este documento fue creado como ayuda para el estudiante en cuanto a temas como practicas de laboratorio, el cual servirá de guía específicamente en el área de química, centrándonos en las dificultades que como estudiantes enfrentamos en este ambiente académico, que además de ser importante podría catalogarse como indispensable para personas que se interesen por el tema, compartiendo así información necesaria e importante por medio de la metodología mas sencilla de cada temática.</span></span></b></em></div><div style="text-align: left;"><em><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><br /></span></span></b></em></div><div style="text-align: left;"><em><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><br /></b></span></em></div>Karen, Lina, Geraldinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17342854187338613615noreply@blogger.com0